Literature is permed with the social and economical background of the period and time in which the writer is writing. That's to say, there is no literature that is absolutely disconected of a social situation or a social change.
During the victorian times, England was going through an aesthetics movement (arts and literature in its peak), the creation of a national identity and the stereotyping of social roles (directed by the victorian code of conduct). In the social sphere, the higher classes enjoyed luxurious parties and fashion was developed.
In the following link you will be able to further explore some of this concepts so as to get aquainted with the situation in which Wilde was set to writing 'The picture of Dorian Gray'. Besides, you will be introduced to some of the current themes (or motifs) Wilde used when writing his novel. Pay attention to the following key concepts: Society, aesthetics, Art, Moral conduct, Social class and Gender roles.
Link: https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/the-picture-of-dorian-gray-art-ethics-and-the-artist
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